Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick

Birmingham Essays - Birmingham, Ladywood, Edgbaston, Smethwick Birmingham is a city and metropolitan precinct in the West Midlands of England. It is the most crowded British city outside London. Birmingham is home to five colleges: the University of Birmingham, Aston University, Birmingham City University, University College Birmingham and Newman University Birmingham is a significant community for strict instruction. Birmingham Metropolitan College is one of the biggest further training universities in the country,[213] with fourteen grounds spread across Birmingham. Birmingham has 571 parks. One of Birmingham's most well known parks is Cannon Hill Park comprising of formal, preservation, forest and sports territories. Recreational exercises at the recreation center incorporate sailing, angling, tennis, putting and excursion zones. The biggest of the parks is Sutton Park making it the biggest urban nature save in Europe. Birmingham Botanical Gardens are a Victorian creation, with a studio and bandstand, near the downtown area. The Winterbourne Botanic Garden, kept up by the University of Birmingham, is likewise found near the downtown area. The downtown area incorporates of various open squares among them are Centenary Square, Chamberlain Square and Victoria Square. The notable Old Square is situated on Corporation Street. Rotunda Square and St Martin's Square are two of the most up to date squares in Birmingham. The Library of Birmingham is the new home for the biggest metropolitan library in Europe. The previous Birmingham Central Library, opened in 1972, was viewed as the biggest city library in Europe. Social insurance The Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Edgbaston houses the biggest basic consideration unit in Europe. There are a few significant National Health Service clinics in Birmingham. The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, adjoining the Birmingham Medical School in Edgbaston, houses the biggest basic consideration unit in Europe,and is additionally the home of the Royal Center for Defense Medicine, rewarding military work force harmed in strife zones. Historical centers and exhibitions Birmingham has two significant open workmanship assortments Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery. The gathering likewise possesses different exhibition halls in the city, for example, Aston Hall, Blakesley Hall, the Museum of the Jewelry Quarter, Soho House and Sarehole Mill. The Birmingham Back to Backs are the last enduring court of consecutive houses in the city. Cadbury World is a historical center demonstrating guests the stages and steps of chocolate creation and the historical backdrop of chocolate and the organization. Research organization is Birmingham's primary science gallery, with a goliath screen film, a planetarium and an assortment that incorporates the Smethwick Engine, the world's most established working steam motor.

America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essays

America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essays America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essay America and The Grapes Of Wrath Essay Exposition Topic: The Grapes Of Wrath In The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the timespan is set during the Dust Bowl and the Great Depression around the 1930s. Both of these destructions happened moderately around a similar time making numerous issues across America. In the Great Plains area, the Dust Bowl hit compelling families into destruction. At the point when families progressed from their cultivating grounds to modern industrial facilities they were hit with the Great Depression. This influenced around 15 million individuals all through America. The Dust Bowl encompassed Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico. With practically no precipitation, free soil, and high breezes these components joined to make thick residue mists called â€Å"black blizzards†. From 1934 to 1937, the dirt came up short on the solid root framework to oppose the breezes. The common tempests choked dairy animals and field lands moving 60% of the populace from the area. A large portion of these individuals moved toward the west towards urban communities. The government prepared a few new offices, mainly the Soil Conservation Service framed in 1935, to advance homestead recovery. Ranchers were told to plant trees and grass to stay the dirt, to furrow and patio in form examples to hold water, and to permit parts of farmland to lie unplanted every year so the dirt could reestablish. 11.3 million sections of land of land were bought to keep out of creation and by 1941 a significant part of the land was restored. The locale rehashed its mis steps during World War II as ranchers again furrowed up field to plant wheat when grain costs rose. Dry season undermined another catastrophe during the 1950s, inciting Congress to sponsor ranchers in reestablishing a huge number of sections of land of wheat back to field. The Great Depression was the longest enduring monetary downturn ever. After the financial exchange smashed in October 1929, Wall Street cleared out a large number of speculators in a panic.Steep decreases in modern yield and rising degrees of joblessness as bombing organizations laid o

Business Report Writing Service

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Effects Of Mental Disorders On Adolescents - 2336 Words

Introduction The topic I chose for my I-Search paper was mental disorders affecting adolescents. There has always been a great deal of controversy about mental disorders in general, but there’s even more when it comes to teens. I chose this topic because I enjoy learning about mental disorders and want to work with it later in life as a career. I chose to focus on adolescents in particular because while there are more disorder cases in adults, the adolescent years are the hardest for most people and where the disorders themselves start to show and develop. I am also choosing to stick more with personality disorders rather than eating disorders or any other disorder that has more attention on it. A lot of people think that some of these†¦show more content†¦I believe that knowing the causes and reasons for mental disorders can help us discover more ways to help adolescents cope with them. Getting Started My research started about a year ago. I became interested in the subject of mental disorders after going over the subject in a class. There set off my interest for the subject and my countless hours of no-stop research of the topic. I was fascinated by it. So going into this process I had some previous knowledge of all of it. I knew my facts on D.I.D. and other main personality disorders. But the nature of this paper meant that I had a lot more to learn. I had to find information the the background and go more in depth on the more common disorders. I also had to have findings on the disorders in one group to narrow the information down to less than the many pages I could write this on. Adolescents stuck out to me because I am one myself. Some of this information came easy, I am well acquainted with google. But other forms didn’t come as well. My library didn’t carry many books on my subject. Although two of the books I did find, had ample information to help my search. I had better luck with the world wide web, as many sites have facts about the topic at hand and throughly explained them. The over all search took a good amount of my time, but it paid off. Now I know a lot more about my subject and I’m even more interested in going into it in the

Getting the Best Ap Language and Composition Essay Student Samples Question 2

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Free Masters Journalism Assignment Rupert Murdoch and Democracy Free Essays

string(56) " imbalance caused by unnecessarily intrusive reporting\." ‘Rupert Murdoch’s looming hunger for power is a threat to democracy’ (porter). Chilling insight or conspiracy theory?’ Introduction It will forever be seen as the moment when the sun set on the Murdoch empire and when democracy in Britain, at the eleventh hour, avoided committing suicide and stood proudly again. The sight of the House of Commons unanimously rejecting Rupert Murdoch and News International, in whose thrall they had been since the days of Thatcher (Campbell, 2008, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Free Masters Journalism Assignment: Rupert Murdoch and Democracy or any similar topic only for you Order Now 410) was both commendable and contemptible. That it took so long and journalism which plumbed new depths of depravity for it to resurface is a stain on the British democratic body but, whatever is said, allowing News International to ultimately take over BskyB would have put Murdoch in an unassailable position in the UK and for that Parliament is to be commended. His demise has been swift and it was democracy which acted to sever his arteries of power and deny him a prize which many thought should have been denied him by a more robust application of European competition laws (Feintuck Varney, 2006, p.95). Indeed the coalition government was, outrageously, ready to waive through the bid without referral to the competition commission and the bid would have followed the example of the Times and the Sunday Times which were acquired by Murdoch in 1981 without being similarly referred to the Monopolies and Mergers Commission as it was then known (Greenslade, 2003, p.377). The bid has now been dropped altogether. As a FT editorial observed the threat to media plurality was, and remains, real and ultimately it was the people who rejected the idea: â€Å"Merging the two [broadcast and print] would create a behemoth with the potential to dominate the media scene, locking out challengers and stifling the diversity of debate.† (FT Editorial March 3rd 2011) Aristotle once observed: â€Å"In a democracy the poor will have more power than the rich, because there are more of them, and the will of the majority is supreme.† (Aristotle, 1996, p.154). The House of Commons reaction to the phone hacking scandal was perceived to be democracy at its finest, a reaffirmation of the will of the majority which had become, as Porter (2010) would argue, under threat from a media baron who has had the police, government and parliament at his mercy in Britain ever since he first came to the UK (Curran Seaton: 1997, p.366). Subsequent events to Porter’s observation, made before the phone hacking scandal reached its nadir when the phone of tragic murder victim Milly Dowler was hacked to delete voicemail messages which gave false hope to a grieving family and brought the fury of a nation, and crucially of a resurrected Parliament, to bear on News International, would at first glance seem to validate his claims, in 2010 (Porter, 2010), that Mu rdoch’s empire is a threat to British democracy. Democracy in the UK has not been rediscovered overnight and it is arguable that this episode is but a sign of a deeper malaise. Porter’s analysis was clearly a chilling insight but his article is built upon foundations which are shaky and which verge on the conspiratorial. The separation of powers doctrine, first proposed by Montesqieu (Richter, 1977, p.91), enables democracy and to the executive, legislature and judiciary we can add the fourth estate, as Thomas Carlyle observed, the press, which acts as a watchdog upon the others (Robertson Nicol, 2003, p.3). This essay will, structured along the lines of the separation of powers, argue that Poter’s assertions that Murdoch’s empire â€Å"makes and breaks governments† is misjudged and that the current reaction to the phone hacking scandal demonstrates that he is, in fact, ultimately accountable to Parliament: the threat to democracy has diminished but only temporarily. In part 1 then this essay will look at the â€Å"fourth estate† and its relationship with democracy before chapter 2 reflects on the executive, legislature and judiciary branches and the threat of Murdoch. As an editorial in the Guardian observed, there has been a lot of soul searching in the last few months and the scandal at the News of the World has rocked every democratic institution weaned on Murdoch’s power: â€Å"No well-functioning democracy should allow one man to frame its window on the world. But then the institutions of British democracy have hardly been functioning well of late in relation to Mr Murdoch. The fourth estate of the free press, in which we are of course one interested party, is one of those institutions. It should check and balance political power from the outside, while itself being held in check by the ordinary processes of the criminal law.† (Guardian editorial, June 2011) Part 1: The fourth estate and Rupert Murdoch The notion of the â€Å"fourth estate† has been around for about 200 years and rests upon the idea that a government unchecked by a vigilant media is liable to exceed its bounds (Curran Seaton, 1997, p.49). This role, taken on by the media, in effect legitimises democracy, at least in classical liberal theory, with the press able to enlighten the electorate to make an informed decision during an election, protect and promote human rights and social tolerance and, of most importance, to ensure that governments are brought to account and abuses of power made transparent (Pilger, 2004, p.xv). In reality however this romanticised notion of a newspaper is a myth which the News of the World shattered conclusively with the original defence of the wrongdoing being attributable to a â€Å"rogue reporter† exposed as the last refuge of a newspaper which had grown accustomed to paying private detectives to obtain private medical records and bribing police. Thus the press can just as readily play a less noble role as the following observation by Sheila Coronel demonstrates: â€Å"The media, however, can play antidemocratic roles as well. They can sow fear, division and violence. Instead of promoting democracy, they can contribute to democratic decay.† (Coronel, 2003, p.3) There has been a need for self-regulation to right the imbalance caused by unnecessarily intrusive reporting. You read "Free Masters Journalism Assignment: Rupert Murdoch and Democracy" in category "Essay examples" The liberal theory of press freedom appeals to a self-righting process first advocated by John Milton in the Aeropagitica who argued for freedom of expression in a marketplace of ideas where bad ideas would wither and good ideas would ultimately prosper (Siebert, 1956, p.44). Evolving away from an authoritarian past where the Crown controlled the press England moved towards libertarianism in the 18th century (ibid) and ultimately in 1953 established a body which was ran by the industry to regulate the press (Royal Commission on the Press, 1974, p.1). It was Sir David Calcutt’s Royal Commission into the press that ultimately rejected the predecessor, the Press Council, by proposing the Press Complaint Commission’s formation (Mcnair, 1997, p.186, Curran Seato n, 1997, p.368, Allen, 1999, p.181). One of the effects of the phone hacking scandal involving the News of the World has been a call to abolish the Press Complaints Commission and introduce privacy laws: a move which will could endanger freedom of expression and logically democracy itself (Meyer, 2006) although the PCC is not without weakness it is the least worst option (Coad, 2009). More directly Murdoch’s newspapers have been reflections of the proprietor’s political instincts in being Conservative, supportive of the private sector, anti-immigration and ‘fun’: bastions of sleaze, sensationalism and corruption which have driven standards ever downward and even debased the once-mighty Times, the traditional newspaper of record, which Max Hastings decries as a travesty (Hastings, 2002, foreword xvi). Celebrity gossip and sensational stories are the staple diet of Murdoch tabloids and, with the proprietor treating his newspapers like, as Hastings memorably puts it, â€Å"private rifle ranges† (Hastings, 2002, foreword xvi) to endorse his political viewpoint, coupled with the kind of persistent editorial interference which prompted Harold Evans to resign as editor of the Times in 1982 (ibid, xvi), it is no stretch to say that the watchdog role of the press is lost on his newspapers who have too often supped with the devils at Westminster and used stories as political weapons rather than beacons of the truth (Greenslade, 2002, p.212). His huge share of the newspaper and broadcasting market also undermines media plurality and he was edging ever closer to a monopoly which would have included 100% of BskyB until the hacking scandal forced him to back down. As things stand his share of just below 40% of the UK newspaper market (Guardian editorial, June 30th 2011) is not befitting of a modern democracy and his thirst for power is clearly a threat as more diversity leads to enlightened debate. For how can a public fed on stories of cel ebrity gossip, biased political stories and dubiously obtained information which is itself criminal and sometimes xenophobic ever make the informed decisions which nurture a democracyWith the fall of the News of the World and the neutering of the once-mighty oracle The Times Murdoch has succeeded in sabotaging the fourth estate from within. Part 2: Executive, legislature and judiciary Murdoch’s empire has reached into the very heart of Westminsterand for successive governments he was the key to victory, encapsulated by the pithy headline following Major’s victory over Neil Kinnock: â€Å"It was the Sun wot won it† (Young, 1997). Much is made of Margaret Thatcher allowing Rupert Murdoch to purchase the Times and the Sunday Times without referral to the MMC by bending the rules in his favour (Campbell, 2008, p.409), Tony Blair’s trip to Australia to play court to him in exchange for what was perceived to be decisive support in the 1997 election (Young, 1997) and now David Cameron’s hiring of the former NoW editor Andy Coulsen as press officer has again raised the spectre of Rupert Murdoch being too close to the ruling party (Jenkins, 2011). Details are now slipping out of endless meetings between the chancellor and Murdoch prior to the BskyB bid, extravagant cocktail parties for the great and the good and bizarre stories of backdoo r visits and cups of tea (ibid). The colour of the political chameleon is, as David Cameron pointed out in the Commons recently, irrelevant as â€Å"the clock stopped on his watch† and indeed all parties have been in bed with, or frightened of, Murdoch which is an affront to democracy and a poisoning of the well of debate (ibid). Poter misjudges the power of Rupert Murdoch, however, by saying that he â€Å"makes and breaks governments† (Poter, 2010). Although many in the House of Commons were afraid of him it cannot be said that the support of the Murdoch newspapers decides elections and at best his support would garner a few extra votes. Stephen Glover, writing in the Independent, observes in relation to the 2010 election that Cameron’s advisors greatly exaggerated the power of the Murdoch press (Glover, 25th July 2011) Proprietors are often given to exaggerating the impact of their newspapers: Max Hastings recalls Conrad Black having similar notions but ultimately the ability of newspapers and the media to shape the political world is limited (Hastings, 2002, p.303). Poter’s misjudgement was the establishment’s misjudgement, however, and for that reason his observations gain strength. He also asserts that Parliament has been unable to stand up to him. This observation was true at least until the phone hacking scandal inquiry and the miraculous sight of MPs and government ministers abandoning the Murdoch empire (House of Commons Home Affairs Committee, 2011). Although it is tempting to say that democracy has returned, this is perhaps just a glimpse of what should be and the stories of police officers being bribed on an industrial scale is reprehensible. A wider malaise is at work here and one which, but for the News of the World overstepping the mark, would have been well on the way to democratic suicide. As the Guardian points out the path to 2011 has been a tortuous one: â€Å"After years of denials, supine Press Complaints Commission oversight and an odd reticence on the part of the police, the truth has very slowly asserted its power in the phone-hacking scandal.† (Guardian editorial, 30th June 2011) Conclusion Of the institutions of democracy it is only the judiciary who appear to have emerged unscathed. The systemic bribing of police undermines this claim to some extent however and the battles between Parliament and the Supreme Court over prisoner’s voting rights demonstrate the tensions. What is clear is that the prophecy that every democracy commits suicide eventually appears to be coming to fruition and although Poter’s article is a chilling insight it is an insight into a problem with far greater roots than Rupert Murdoch’s admittedly consuming lust for power. News International has now been permanently handicapped by a temporary reassertion of parliamentary democracy in action but the threat to democracy in putting forth a right-wing agenda which destabilises debate, covering news stories which trivialise and sensationalise news, compromising editorial independence, obtaining information by criminal means and by being perceived to be able to influence the outcome of elections is very real. The watchdog role of the press as the fourth estate, already diminished by the demise of the Times and investigative journalism, would cease to exist if Murdoch’s power went unchecked and this would be the greatest threat to democracy of all, a threat which has not disappeared following the phone hacking scandal. Bibliography Coad, Jonathan (2009) ‘The PCC: Weak, Secretive and Biased’ in British Journalism Review vol.20 issue 13 pp 13-20 on p.14 Coronel, Sheila S. (2003) The Role of Media in Deepening Democracy. Philippine Centre for Investigative Journalism available online at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan010194.pd Meyer, Christopher (2006) ‘We Know Better Than the Courts’ in British Journalism Review vol 17 issue 3 pp 27-32 Aristotle (1996) The Politics and the Constitution of AthensCambridge Uni Press: worldwide edited by Stephen Everson Campbell, John (2008) Margaret Thatcher Volume 2, The Iron Lady Vintage Books:London Curran, James Seaton, Jean (1997) Power Without Responsibility Routledge:London andNew York Feintuck, Mike Varney, Mike (2006) Media Regulation, Public Interest and the Law Edinburgh University Press 2nd ed Greenslade, Roy(2003) Press Gang: How Newspapers Make Profits from Propaganda Pan Books:London Hastings, Max (2002) Editor Pan Books:London Mcnair, Brian (1994) News and Journalism in the UK Routledge: London and New York (4th edition) Richter, Melvin (1997) The Political Theory of MontesquieuCambridge Uni Press:USA Pilger, John (2004) Tell Me No LiesJonathanCape:London Robertson, Geoffrey Nicol, Andrew (2003) Media Law Penguin Books: worldwide Siebert, Fred S. (1956) ‘The Libertarian Theory’ in Siebert, Peterson Schramm (eds) Four Theories of the Press University of Illinois Press: Urbana p.44 Stuart, Allan (1999) News Culture Open University Press: Buckingham Philadelphia p.181 Young, Hugo (2003) Supping with the Devils Atlantic Books: worldwide Government reports Royal Commission on the Press (1976) Interim Report : the national newspaper industry chairman O.R. McGregor. House of Commons Home Affairs Committee (2011) Unauthorised tapping into or hacking of mobile communications Thirteenth Report of Session 2010–12 HC 907 19th July 2011 Websites Porter, Henry (2010) ‘Rupert Murdoch’s hunger for power is a looming threat to democracy’ Guardian online retrieved on 1st July 2011 and available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2010/feb/28/henry-porter-news-international-murdoch FT Editorial (March 3rd 2011) ‘Why Hunt could not stop Murdoch’ retrieved on 12th July 2011 and available from: http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/d9f82a28-45e0-11e0-acd8-00144feab49a,s01=1.html#axzz1TFcoiymU Guardian Editorial (30th June 2011) ‘Rupert Murdoch: Empire of the Sun’ retrieved on 13th July 2011 and available from: http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jun/30/rupert-murdoch-empire-the-sun Glover, Stephen (2011) ‘It was wasn’t the Sun wot won it for Cameron’ from Independent online retrieved on 12th July 2011 and available from: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/media/opinion/stephen-glover/stephen-glover-it-wasnt-the-sun-wot-won-it-for-cameron-2319943.html How to cite Free Masters Journalism Assignment: Rupert Murdoch and Democracy, Essay examples

One Justice in To Kill A Mockingbird Research Paper Example

One Justice in To Kill A Mockingbird Paper Everyone has their own ideas of what is just and moral. Everyones idea of unfairness is established as a child, denied candy or a late curfew. As our perceptions grow more sophisticated, one question cannot be avioded: What is justice? In Harper Lees To Kill A Mockingbird, many themes of justice are explored. Each child in the story comes to a different conclusion concerning the importance of justice. Their opinions are crafted in the waring sides of fairness and prejudice that divide the town of Maycomb, Alabama. The first differing philopsy in Maycomb is that of fairness and law over prejudice and money. This view of justice is held by many influential powers, including characters that are central to the development of Jem, Dill, and Scout. These characters include Atticus Finch, Miss Maudie, Heck Tate, Dolphus Raymond and even to an extent Mr Underwood, who despises negroes (Lee, 156) but chooses to uphold the law before his own personal prejudices. Most important to the three children is Atticus Finch, who as a father has raised Jem and Scout on his own principle of justice, that in our courts all men are created equal (Lee, 156). Like Atticus, this side of the conflict believe firmly in the integrity of [the] courts (Lee, 205) to fulfill societys obligations of justice. We will write a custom essay sample on One Justice in To Kill A Mockingbird specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on One Justice in To Kill A Mockingbird specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on One Justice in To Kill A Mockingbird specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Until Jem, Dill and Scout are exposed to the other opinionated side of this silent battle, all three find no gaps in their personal perceptions of justice. This conflicting barrage of opinions that they encounter is described by Atticus as Maycombs disease (Lee, 81). In the case of Tom Robinson some people (Ms Dubose, Miss Gates, Stephanie Crawford, Bob Ewell, and others) have been spreading high talk that [Atticus] shouldnt do much about defending [Tom] (Lee, 75). These people believe that it is appropriate for justice to be warped by social pressure and a jury that is prejudice, and in the words of Atticus, they couldnt be fair if they tried (Lee, 220). The three main protagonists in the story, Jem, Dill and Scout are all children. All three face these two conflicting models and each connects to a certain shade of gray within the side of law and order. All three children eventually reach the conclusion that the people of Maycomb are not the best folks in the world (Lee, 215) as they had once believed. To the contrary, their friends and neighbors harbor deep imperfections which they discover like somethin asleep wrapped up in a warm place (Lee, 215). To clearly illustrate each childs own discoveries and prospects on the idea of justice, each must be compared to another adult character in the novel. The greatest influence on young Jem Finch is Atticus, a man whose faith in the court system is paramount to his beliefs. Jem aspires to be a lawyer, but is not resigned to the idea that biased juries are acceptable. Instead, he makes a promise to do something about heathen juries [] soon as [he gets] grown (Lee, 216). Like Atticus, Jem believes that ultimate justice is obtainable in the states judicial system. Dill Harris shares a very different view of justice then his two best friends. His aptitude can be compared to Dolphus Raymond. Both characters have a cynical lack of faith when it comes to the people of Maycomb, represented by Dills statement, there aint one thing in this world I can do about folks except laugh (Lee, 216), and Raymonds farce of being in the clutches of whisky (Lee, 200). Unlike Jem, Dill is unmotivated to work towards a world free of prejudice and is resigned to the idea. Out of all three of the children in the story, Scouts perception of justice is most difficult to divulge. While the reader is only able to hear Jem and Dills point of view when they decide to speak, all of Scouts contemplations are offered. Scouts initial view of justice is simplistic, her barbaric idea of revenge through fights is unchallenged. When Scout agrees with Heck Tate at the end of the novel and claims that forcing Arthur Radley to testify would be like sort of like shootin a mocking bird (Lee, 276), she makes an important designation between herself and her father. Heck Tate takes into account the circumstances of the events and fundamentally lies to protect Arthur. Scout sees this as acceptable, while Atticus is uneasy with the idea, claiming nobodys hushing this up. I dont live that way (Lee, 273). Scouts ability as a child to take into account circumstance in her perception of justice makes her reasoning much more sophisticated then that of the court system. In conclusion, its clear that all three children in To Kill A Mockingbird harbor their own individual perceptions of what justice really is, shaped by the many influential adults in their lives. Among many themes, To Kill A Mockingbird offers a microcosm of the ideals of justice in a multi-faceted society that influences all our perceptions, especially in childhood.